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__Patau's syndrome __ __What is Patau's syndrome?__ Patau’s syndrome occurs when there is an extra chromosome 13 present in body cells, producing 47 chromosomes instead of the normal 46. Patau’s syndrome was at first thought to be the result of atomic radiaton poisoning, but was later confirmed to be a genetic disorder by genecist Klaus Patau.

There are three types of this syndrome: full, partial and mosiac. __How does Patau’s syndrome occur?__ Patau’s syndrome can happen due to a problem in the mother's egg or the father's sperm. Patau's syndrome is usually the result of a random event during conception. The chance of having a baby with Patau's syndrome increases with mother's age.
 * __Full:__ A full chromosome 13 is present in all body cells.This occurs in 80% of all cases. This type cannot be inherited.
 * __Partial:__ Only part of chromosome 13 is present, which means the information for chromosome 13 could be attached to another chromosome. This is called translocation. This can cause mental retardation, distinct facial features such as an upturned nose, bushy eyebrows, and a short upper lip.
 * __Mosaic:__ When the extra chromosome is present in some body cells. This type cannot be inherited.

__Who is affected?__ All ethnicities can be affected and there is an equal chance between males and females getting the disorder.

__Symptoms:__
 * Seizures
 * Mental retardation
 * Hernias
 * Skeletal abnormalities
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Heart defects(80% of the affected)
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Deafness



<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">__Characteristics:__
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Small eyes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Small head
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Sloping forehead
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Extra fingers or toes
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Cleft lip/palate
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Low birth weight
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Low set ears
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Lower jaw

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">__Statistics:__
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Patau’s syndrome occurs in 1 in 10,000 live births.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">45% die in their first week of life
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">More than 70% die in the first year of life
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">5-10% live past their first year
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">There has been only one confirmed case of someone living into adulthood.
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">The average life span is 2.5 days
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">90% of the babies affected are stillborns or miscarriages
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Least common trisomy

<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">__References:__ <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">[] <span style="color: #0049ce; font-family: Georgia,serif;">[] <span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">[] __<span style="font-family: Georgia,serif;">Picture Sources: __ [] [] []